This app was mentioned in 2 comments, with an average of 1.50 upvotes
There's been an app for Android for a very long time called AR Chess or something like that, since way before VR headsets and the like. It's awesome.
You go to their website and print out their QR-code chessboard and chess pieces, cut them out, they're just flat pieces of paper, then point the camera at it, and it renders all the pieces in 3D atop their QR codes. Even if you take the board and wrap it around a cylinder, the pieces will line up perfectly wrapped around said cylinder on your camera.
It's not practical at all, but still really cool.
There's a really cool augmented reality app on Google Play right now, it's basically just a tech demo, of Augmented Chess:
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.contralabs.game.archess&hl=en
You print out a sheet of chess pieces on paper and then hold your smartphone/tablet camera facing the pieces, and it turns them into live 3D. You can even pick up the paper and bend it and it will bend the pieces sticking out of it and everything, it worked almost flawlessly when I tried it. Their video demo video makes it look like shit - it worked way better for me. You're supposed to cut out the paper pieces so you can move them around, but it's really hard to move them around without slightly overlapping each other, so it works way better if you just don't cut it out.