This app was mentioned in 3 comments, with an average of 2.00 upvotes
This?
Not a Chrome extension, but would just need a camera phone. Might be close to what you need if it isn't.
The "position presented in a book" already exists for Android: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.kgroth.chessocr&hl=en. I'm sure it can be easily modified for OTB.