This app was mentioned in 7 comments, with an average of 2.29 upvotes
personally I think the official android client for kgs is superior on phones for the simple reason that it has the best way to place out the stones.
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.gokgs.client.android
There are not many games with more strategic depth than Go. One online match on 19x19 usually takes up to 45 minutes (and in the remaining time you can solve life and death go problems, there are apps for that too).
The very best application for playing Go online on Android is currently KGS Client. It is basically android-friendly interface to their web client, which you can also access directly. (You may need to create account there)
As for learning the rules, check out this interactive tutorial. (Or my previous posts on reddit, I do try to spread the word about this game quite often)
He means the KGS app on Play Store.
KGS does have an Android app. Or am I misunderstanding you?