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An iPhone is definitely easier to use as a blind person than an Android phone, if that might help you. That said, if you are having trouble seeing the screen, are you using Talkback? It takes a bit of training to learn, but speech is usually much easier than slowly navigating around with the magnifier once you get the hang of it.
On Android there is a free version of nearby explorer called nearby explorer online which requires your phone to have mobile data (but uses fairly little) as it relies on offline maps. It does not have all the features but costs nothing to try. This is a great tool to use even if you are walking with someone, so that you become better independently acquainted with what streets you are crossing, what is nearby, etc without having to ask.
If your 3 canes have lasted 20 years, you definitely haven't been using them enough! Practice is essential. Take your cane with you whenever you leave the house, even if you don't think you need it. USE your cane the way it is meant to be used, don't leave it folded away and don't just slide it in front of your body. And practice traveling independently! Try to get a trainer to come out where you live. Ask friends or family to accompany (not guide or instruct!) you while you practice in the beginning so you are not fearful.
I'm just a regular person, not an instructor of any sort, but if you have questions about how some things might be done or need some resources I can try to help.