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Oh, I remember trying to do this with nothing but free apps available on Google Play. So freakin' painful, but there is a way.
So, there's an app called Smart Keyboard Trial. In its Text Prediction settings there is one for custom punctuation, which allows you to add any character to be displayed in the suggestions above the keyboard. What you need to do is grab any app that lets you browse the unicode table (I used UnicodeCharMap), find the line feed character (it has a code of 0x000A), copy it, and paste it into the custom punctuation string of the Smart Keyboard. You will see a new line appear.
However, that panel with punctuation suggestions won't show up inside agar.io, so what you'll need to do is go to the Gesture settings, and set whichever you want (I picked Swipe Up) to "Next suggestion".
Afterwards, launch agar.io, enter you name in one piece and then enter the line feed where you want it by swiping through the suggested characters. The reason you need to place the line feeds last is that the line feed will disappear if you put a letter after it (works fine with digits, though).
This is what it looks like. In game.
You can do this for any character.