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If the protocol in use for the stream is based on static files (as is HLS, SS and MPEG/DASH), the broadcast is split in small files (ex 5 seconds per file). Additionally you can support byte range requests for MP4 files, MOVs, etc. (check https://www.npmjs.com/package/send)
If you are talking about an RTP, RTMP, RTSP or similar formats, I don't know how to do it and I'm also interested in the answer, since these are still the popular formats for live upload with apps such as Wowza GoCoder https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.wowza.gocoder There are servers capable of managing and converting such streams. I believe both ffmpeg and gstreamer can do it, but I couldn't yet setup the workflow starting from any of these.