There is a series of 6 books called "History of Imperial China" that are all written by eminent historians in the field. Each book covers 1 or 2 dynasties. I would recommend these books more if you have a particular interest in a few specific dynasties.
I do not know of many general histories of China, but if you need recommendations for books on more specific topics (especially Late Imperial China and Modern China) let me know!
I really liked William T. Rowe's "China's Last Empire: The Great Qing" which is part of a 6-volume series on Chinese history.
https://www.amazon.com/Tragedy-Philosophers-Incorrect-William-Shakespeare-ebook/dp/B0061Z9KWM Hamlet but humanist, if amazon counts as published. (Seen it recommended, with a snippet, from the omake chapter in https://www.hpmor.com/chapter/64).
Not just one book, but a series of books:
History of Imperial China (multiple authors but all edited by Timothy Brook)
This series of 6 books covers all of the major dynasties of Chinese history, starting with the Qin 221 BCE-206 BCE, so not quite prehistory but it still gets back there.
For a single book, you could try China: A History by John Keay. I have not read this because I, in general, do not like these large sweeping single-volume histories, especially in a country like China.
There is a series of books that might pique your interest a little, it is called "The History of Imperial China" and each of the 6 volumes are written by the leading historians in the field and are all edited by the great Timothy Brook. If you are looking for more Ancient China, then the first 2-3 volumes should be enough for you. None of the volumes are extremely comprehensive however, they only really focus on a few areas of each dynasty that the writer has more expertise in.
You could also attempt to read through a translation of the "Records of the Three Kingdoms", which is one of the most official and authoratative sources of information from the period.
There is a 6-part book series written all by experts in the field of Chinee history on imperial China. No single book is too too long, but they go into more detail on the individual dynasties than general sweeping histories.
It's difficult to know what would be an appropriate guide for you given point 3. However I for much of what you describe I feel Stoicism gives a good starting framework. I'd recommend reading The Manual: A Philosopher's Guide to Life (Stoic Philosophy Book 1) and Meditations by Marcus Aurelius
There is a new book on Kant's ethics. It is aimed at beginning students,and it has many suggestions for term paper topics in the "Questions for thought and discussion" sections at the end of most chapters. https://www.amazon.com/UNDERSTANDING-IMMANUEL-KANT-Metaphysics-Philosophical-ebook/dp/B07JHDGGJ5/
Here's another that just came out, and is free right now on Kindle:
I haven't read this one yet, so can't comment on the content.
> Especially when it harms NOONE!
Christopher Hitchens wrote a whole book debunking that sentence.
And then he made an audiobook of it.