If you're looking for something that is more passive, you can use a stronger antenna to boost your router's range with a device like this: Alfa 9dBi WiFi Booster SMA OMNI-Directional High-Gain Screw-On Swivel Antenna With magnetic base https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0039ORBLK/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_api_GVYTzb5BKDPYS
That uses an SMA connector. So something like this random Amazon result.
Would you say that your tower is between the router and your antenna in any way?
Also, a sure fire way to improve signal would be to get extensions (such as these) for your wireless card, so you could move the antennas around
Grab a pair of these:
https://www.amazon.com/Alfa-Booster-OMNI-Directional-High-Gain-magnetic/dp/B0039ORBLK
Is there an antenna sticking out of the back of the desktop?
EDIT: Check this out. May be overkill. http://www.amazon.com/Alfa-OMNI-Directional-High-Gain-Screw-On-magnetic/dp/B0039ORBLK
Ideally they would be on top, where your case won't cause RF interference. I haven't seen something that'd fit that bill. It'd be expensive, but you could get dual-band antenna with a magnetic base and wire them to sit on the top of the case like the Amazon link below. Otherwise, you may have to custom-design a PCI-slot adapter.
http://www.amazon.com/Alfa-OMNI-Directional-High-Gain-Screw-On-magnetic/dp/B0039ORBLK.
Something like this but with 4 may work, but I can't find any with more than 3:
http://www.amazon.com/Mini-PCI-E-Wireless-Card-Antennas/dp/B005Q751BA
This is the coupler you want:
Good luck, though it most likely won't work at all. If it does work it's only going to work in the direction the dish is pointed.
If you want to go further with the idea using what you have then you could try to modify the dish into one of these:
http://www.engadget.com/2005/11/15/how-to-build-a-wifi-biquad-dish-antenna/
But that's still only if you want very directional signal. If you want an all-around 360° boost then just get a bigger omni or patch antenna like this: