Maybe not a shoebox. This mount it into a stud or mounted into a piece of heavy furniture.
Until you can GTFO, lock up your medications in a safe. I bought this own on Amazon for my meds. Doesn't cost that much and it gave me peace of mind.
I'd recommend putting half your pills in a second bottle in some kind of backup location just in case. That gives you some time to get your prescription replaced if he steals them again. You may also consider a small safe like this one:
https://www.amazon.com/Amazon-Basics-Security-Programmable-Electronic/dp/B078WPCQWK/
Just keep in mind he can steal the entire safe, so you would need to hide that too, and/or bolt it to something.