What you are looking for is a dissecting scope like this. The light field on those things aren't great, and you will probably want an external light source like this one at some point too (that one is super expensive though!!).
AmScope, which I've linked above, makes really nice entry level scopes but I don't think they make one with a camera port - you'd have to take the photo through the eyepiece with your camera or use an eyepiece camera like this one. Olympus and Nikon make mid-range scopes, Zeiss and Leica make the high end scopes - you can find used ones on LabX.
If you're interested in more field photography, a former colleague of mine named Kent Loeffler did some pretty rad things with a borescope a few years ago.