I’ll preface this by saying that I’m the child of a Cuban immigrant family, they were probably upper middle class prior to the revolution, and had everything taken from them. My two perspectives are personal and a more recent academic entry. Take my bias for what it’s worth.
Personally from family stories, for those who were part of the newly undesirable social class (not even necessarily part of the prior regime or resistance), life was hell. Kids ridiculed and singled out in school, family homes confiscated, party members marching in to the house at random to choose personal items to take with them, being sent to plantation labor camps. Small wonder they left.
The best text I’ve read on the subject is “Bacardi and the long fight for Cuba” (https://www.amazon.com/Bacardi-Long-Fight-Cuba-Biography-ebook/dp/B001E8OW7E/ref=mp_s_a_1_3?dchild=1&keywords=bacardi+and+the+long+fight+for+cuba&qid=1626466722&sprefix=bacardi+and+the&sr=8-3
Really well written book by an NPR correspondent who looked at the history of the Bacardi company in the greater background of the history of Cuba as a country. Very readable history that I could not put down (although I’m admittedly biased). I heartily recommend the whole read, but the tl;dr is that initially things held a ton of promise and the country rode on momentum and glee for a change from the abuses of the prior regime, but authoritarian mismanagement and the brain drain of the exodus eventually led to a contraction in the economy and standard of living, and things really bottomed out since the USSR stopped sending tremendous amounts of aid in the late 80s.