I actually think there are some interesting arguments suggesting that our current understanding of some portions of evolutionary theory are poor--but instead of discussing things like these, Christians and atheists alike discuss "evolution" as if the entire body of thought and research on evolution it were one singular, consolidated idea. Nonetheless, the Bible just really isn't at odds with it. In Hebrew, the word "day" used in the creation description doesn't necessarily specify a single day/night period, though it can certainly be used in a poetic manner to refer to both (English can kind of do the same thing: "Back in my day"). Nonetheless, the two descriptions of Genesis back to back show that its telling is not literal.
Genesis is the story of the history of the Hebrew people, and creation is just where it begins. If someone wants to argue that the creation in Genesis is completely allegory... I don't think that's invalid. If someone wants to argue it's 100% literal, well, I would probably take some issue with that (but most people who talk about "Biblical literalism" leave their own personal room for recognizing poetry and allegory). I think the truth is somewhere in between, with real events being told in a poetic manner. The literary stylings of the ancient Hebrews are not something we're used to (nor do we have the information to completely understand them), and the interpretation of the Bible should be taken as such. (The Bible can certainly be infallible, but we are very fallible and thusly we cannot trust that our interpretation is correct.)
On patriarchy, I've seen the arguments and read the Bible regarding it, and I cannot see it myself. I can see why other people think it supports such, but I cannot see how it truly does. The ancient Hebrews certainly had a patriarchy and lived surrounded by patriarchal societies, and Mosaic law acknowledges that. But Mosaic law acknowledged a lot of imperfect things as concessions for the people of the time. Ask just about any rabbi and ask him if divorce or slavery is wrong and he'll tell you that it is, yet Mosaic law regulated them rather than forbidding it. The Jews have long understood that these things not being forbidden did not mean that they weren't morally wrong. God is perfect, but we are not and so He can act pragmatically.
As far as resources, I have one that probably isn't along the lines you are thinking but may help to demonstrate that Christianity isn't what the world (or even many Christians) think it is: Brad Stine's "Being a Christian Without Being an Idiot". It's a fun read that takes Christians to task for the misconceptions they often have about their own religion. Since you are in the position you are, I think you may enjoy it.