Roman Catholicism has consistently supported the moral legitimacy of the death penalty for two millennia, and there is nothing in even St. John Paul II's late-coming private theological views that did or ever could change that. You (or JPII, or Francis) might oppose it individually in principle, but Roman Catholicism does not.
If you're interested in a full exploration of the question, I'd recommend <em>By Man Shall His Blood Be Shed</em>, by Ed Feser and Joseph Bessette.
I think you should read By Man Shall His Blood be Shed by Edward Feser and Joseph Bessette. Then read Fratelli Tutti. I don't know if Catholics have received extremely clear guidance either way, but at least you'll feel like you have the background for the current situation.
You don't see any reason why people should be prevented from dueling with one another to the death? I can think of a few.
>Doesn't your god tell you not to harm others?
What makes you think that? Plenty has been written about just-war theory along with the case for Catholic capital punishment. If you want to read an excellent book I would recommend: https://www.amazon.com/Man-Shall-His-Blood-Shed-ebook/dp/B074FD7P4P
>We should be doing something closer to what Europe does.
I don't thing that the rehabilitation method should be followed for a couple of reasons. It dehumanizes the criminal and removes from them the question of whether or not they are recieving their just deserts (justice is in essence people getting what they deserve). If all crime is really just pathology that we have to find a "cure" for then there cannot even be a question of whether or not something is "deserved"- only whether it is "effective". Witness the Soviet Gulags where dissidents were locked up for the "better of the larger society" whether or not their individual crimes deserved it. If you think you can object let me suppose a moral dilemma to you.
Suppose that a judge has before him a man who he personally knows to be innocent of a grevious crime. Conditions are such for the moment that an angry mob is able to form outside. The mob states that if the accused man is found innocent, they will surely riot and kill many people and destroy a lot of property. What should the judge do in that case?
By the way, if you really want an essay that might challenge your views: http://www.angelfire.com/pro/lewiscs/humanitarian.html
>Numbers 5 makes it clear that abortion is an acceptable thing for god to do.
Firstly, I'm not convinced that it is even talking about abortion for the reasons I first listed.
>People who own wombs are in "station" as you put it, and therefore abortion would be acceptable for them to do as well.
I think that human beings in their relationships to each other are much more analagous to siblings. God is the "parent". The duty of a mother to protect and nurture her offspring supersedes any arguments with regard to bodily autonomy.