Fluon, apply and let dry before the ants are in the area as the fumes can kill them but it’s probably the better option for Pheidole.
byFormica Fluon Plus PTFE Escape Prevention Coating for Climbing Insects and Ants https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00UJLH12A/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_api_fabc_ogbQFbE4CJVMX
I've used fluon (PTFE-30 Link: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00UJLH12A/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apa_i_axmxFbVZCJ4C0) but storing it is a pain as you have to rotate it once a week or it clumps up and is useless. A 2" layer of vaseline seems to work best from what I've seen on AntsCanada and that's what I plan on using when my aphaenogaster fulva colony gets up and running.
As Dj_Westo pointed out, they need food at this point most likely. A small colony can live in a test tube fine, but they need to be able to leave and gather food and water from an outside source once the first workers emerge. If you still have the ants plugged up in a test tube, you need to give them some food (proteins for the larva and carbohydrates for the queen and workers).
What you should do is get yourself a small container that you can place the test tube inside. Here is a really good guide on a very simple setup. I'd also place a second, clean test tube inside for them to move to if they so choose.
As for the talcum powder solution, I'd personally just recommend getting some Fluon. It works better and isn't too expensive.
I personally buy it from byFormica.. You get less, but it is pre-mixed and the applicators work really well. I bought one package a while back and have hardly put a dent in it.