You can unscrew the rain head to replace it, but I'm no expert with the pipe in the wall. It might not be possible to back up the head to give space for the regular one.
I did a quick search and there were a few rain shower heads that filter. Hopefully this helps!
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002XISGC6/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apa_glt_fabc_AWJH49KY6H5F7D8MRGMR
I went with this one. It's lasted about 10 years and the filters are pretty cheap (especially if you buy the knock off ones).