If your company doesn't have ML products, eg a web based service utilizing ML, you don't need ML deployment. For instance, DS dept in a retail firm.
For transitioning into ml team lead, I recommend this book: https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Business-Data-Analytic-Thinking/dp/1449361323
My current team lead has a master's in civil engineering. You don't need a tech background as long as you get the gist of how things work together.
Also ML team is different than traditional tech team. Scrum and sprint rarely work. Approach it as r&d management (if this is even a word for it).
As for DS roles, the lines a a bit blurry. You can have two ppl doing the same thing in diff companies but have diff titles. Focus on what you need ppl to do instead of job titles.
Wow, using Kaggle examples is a great idea - you should have mentioned it 6 months ago! :) . I tried to make my examples longer and more interesting than you see in a lot of book, but yeah you're right that I had room to make them better (it's on my list of things to do if there is a second edition). But you might want to look a little further - I do some cool stuff in later chapters with facial recognition, NLP and the like. But you're right that they're focusing on the analytics and the code, rather than how you would have conceptualized that problem in the first place.
One book you might want to look at is this. I haven't read them, but the reviews are really good.
Im currently a DBA transitioning into a (somewhat) BA role. Its difficult to say what patterns to look for or books to read in regards to that position in the field of healthcare field. But bridging the gap between data and your new role this could be a good start. OH and be prepared to document more than ever have before.
Similar to what /u/Cyzzie said, you are looking for some business intelligence tools. I would start at the beginning and read a book like http://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Business-data-analytic-thinking/dp/1449361323/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1417617015&sr=8-2&keywords=big+data+business+intelligence to get an idea of the concepts behind business intelligence, and then look into tools like Pentaho or Hadoop.
that's a good last point. I would like that.
yea it was a text-book for example.
But other books such as: https://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Business-Data-Analytic-Thinking/dp/1449361323 is $18 on kindle.
Read this book, Data Science for Business. It sounds like you don't need to code, but need to be able to converse.
You would probably benefit from a book like this:
http://www.amazon.com/Data-Science-Business-data-analytic-thinking/dp/1449361323
Your question is extremely broad as the topic of data science is very broad. Other than a book like the one linked above I would suggest lots and lots of googling.