Are you planning a dome or a vertical wall?
The smaller windows is more about maintaining the structural integrity of a dome.
And define "large". If you're talking about a few 6'x6', yeah, that's tricky. In general if you put a hole in a dome you need to buttress around it.
If you look at the cover of the most popular earthbag book you'll see a lot of windows and butressing in between.
Earthbag Building: The Tools, Tricks and Techniques (Mother Earth News Wiser Living Series, 8) https://smile.amazon.com/dp/0865715076/ref=cm_sw_r_apan_glt_fabc_89HA0MC124A8SWTMP05M
Regarding the pyramid:
Probably not, if I'm tracking your idea here. Earth is ridiculously heavy so while you could certainly build a pyramid, having large interior spaces would be tough. I'm not Egyptologist by my understanding is those buried tomb chambers are roughly the size of a small apartment and the pyramid itself is massive.
Regarding the dome:
You certainly could. I've seen buttressing done outside a dome that had pond liner and a drain, allowing for a pretty cool planting area. I don't understand how that would involve the "roof", although "roof" on a dome is pretty subjective.
Here's a shot from Kaki and Donald's book showing something similar. Additionally, they discuss how to do a living roof on a dome. They went with bermuda grass with good results.