My understanding is that people do regulate the amount of protein they get more than they regulate either carbs or fats. Protein seems pretty consistently to float around 15% of energy across time periods and across countries at different levels of development. The protein leverage hypothesis suggests that this sets the minimum amount of food that will be eaten, and if a person is used to eating low protein high fat/carb foods, then they will overeat fat/carbs to get enough protein. This might be what led you to crave processed carbs at the point in your life you were overweight.
Also, I don't think it is known to be true for humans, but for other animals studied (insects and lab mice), the question of longevity seems to be a matter of protein:carb ratio, where a higher proportion of protein leads to better (more muscular, less fat) body composition and better reproduction and a shorter lifespan, and a higher proportion of carbs leads to more fat, less reproduction and a longer individual life. Here's where I most recently read about this, although I think there are a few problems with what the authors propose, it's a really good book.