In addition to an alternate heat source to keep in your car as others have mentioned, pick up some heat packs that you can crush to stick in your gloves/mitts. Nothing worse than trying to use your hands when they're freezing cold and you can barely move them.
0) Any heater of reasonable (electric) power isn't going to keep a tent warm.
1) How many of those blankets were below you (between you and the mattress)? If it wasn't almost as many as above you, you're doing it wrong and/or didn't bring enough blankets.
2) Hand warmers in your bag work reasonably well (can actually get uncomfortably hot!).
Extra clothes, especially socks. Good wool ones. I keep a pair of insulated winter gloves in my kit. I also like to keep a bunch of these hand warmers as well. Good for putting in pockets or even boots if I find myself or someone else under dressed for the weather. A good, heavy wool blanket is great as well. I keep it laying across my back seat. I have a spare balaclava as well. I wore this one snowmobiling at -5 degrees celcius with nothing else covering my face except goggles and stayed warm so it should be warm enough if you have to walk to a gas station or something.
Road flares are good as well. I have a few of them as well as a few glow sticks and those LED road flares as well.
Something else to consider is if you take medication, store a few days worth in your vehicle if you can.
I keep cash, about $50 in $5 bills.
A have the "premium" BCAA membership. Haven't had to use it yet but there were plenty of times where a free 300km tow would've come in handy and for less than what I pay for Netflix.
I keep a small stove like this one along with a small backpacking pot, some instant coffee, tea bags, and instant soup. Even outside of an emergency, sometimes it's just nice to have something hot. I have a handful of granola bars for the same reason, sometimes you just need a quick snack and worst case, you have something to eat in an emergency. I carry Cliff bars in the summer but I find they get rock solid once the temperature dips so I just keep those Nature Valley bars.
In summer I keep a big insulated bottle of water in my truck and in the winter I just take it in and out every day as I don't know if I'll have an issue with it freezing and wrecking the bottle. Plus this way it gets fresher water in it more often.
I also like to have a small shovel and a hatchet because I live in the boonies and we get downed trees across the roads every now and then.
There's a million other little things that come down to what you personally want but these are the "basics" in my opinion. I've probably missed something glaringly obvious but if I think of it I'll add an edit.