I was using the iron stain was an example. This is what happens to iton in a high pH environment. Frequently you will see it on the white plaster of a pool on a water intake.
If you have ebb and flow beds, this will create an area for bacteria to break things down. Your recent water change probably stopped this cycle. A cheap RO filter is about $200. I fill up 5 gallon water bottles for one of my systems so I can add when I need it from a cheap RO filter.
RO filtered water will have no chlorine so the ones outside the grocery store will work.
I would add a little EDDHA iron until your pH comes down. It will turn your water purple and your fish can swim in it.
If your system is not forming nitrates, you can supplement with calcium nitrate until your bacteria get going.
If you want to use chelated iron, make sure you get one processed using EDDHA, something like this. I used DTE Acid Mix, some elemental sulfur granules and mulched with peat moss on my plants and they are doing slightly better. But, like its mentioned above, it takes time for organic fertilizer like Acid Mix to breakdown.
This is exactly what I was going to say :) These plants look like they are suffering from two things.
Leaf burn from sun exposure. /u/supershinythings gave excellent advice for this one.
Your "healthy" looking plant is definitely suffering from some mild iron deficiency - I can tell because the veins are much darker than the rest of the leaf. Avocadoes are heavy iron feeders and tend to suffer from iron chlorosis from time to time. Supplement the plant with chelated iron (follow directions on carton) and it will turn back to a dark green in no time.
My first setup was an old tote with net cups in the lid.
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I add more than Epsom Salt and Iron for the tomatoes. Those two are what I add to the fish water.
When I mix up the tomato water, I add fertilizer and calcium nitrate. Unfortunately the price of fertilizer has gone up almost every year since I started.
When I first started it was under $30, now it's $50. The calcium nitrate has gone up from $18 to $25. A bag of each can last me two years if I stretch it a bit.
With just the fish water (including the iron and Epsom Salt), I get plenty of green growth but no fruit on tomatoes. Maybe I don't have enough fish but I would rather have an easier time keeping the fish alive and do a separate hydroponics tomato setup.