Hi, I know you said you aren’t interested in spray, but I carry Halt II which doesn’t cause any injury, just irritation temporarily and would stop an attack.
I have a Cavalier and worry disproportionately about him being attscked! I had some horror stories told to me when he was young and feel so much better carrying this spray, which has the ‘heat’ thing in chillies in it, so it’s a type of pepper spray.
I ordered it online and never take him out without it. https://www.amazon.com/REPELLENT-Repeller-Agressive-Attack-BICYCLE/dp/B01FYAIE80
This week in my city a beagle was killed by two mastifs whilst out with a dog walker. It was all over the news; the mastifs were off the lead and ripped the poor boy apart like a rag doll. He was dead within 30 seconds.
I’d rather cause irritation temporarily on a dogs eyes than ever have to face the horror of not being able to save my dog.