You might enjoy the book How Round is Your Circle, https://www.amazon.com/dp/0691149925
Your link threw some sort of weird error, so heres the amazon link for the mobile peeeps https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/0691149925/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apa_blrDBb50XY1YS
The problem is you can't do it with a single tool. If we only used a ruler to make a new ruler, which then made a third ruler; each generation is successively worse. By combining a ruler, a level, gauge lengths, etc. you can make more accurate tools down through the generations, which is exactly how we've gotten to the point of creating parts accurate down to tenths of a micrometer.
Theoretically you could 3D print all of the parts needed for a new 3D printer then use traditional manufacturing methods to clean them up - drill, smooth, level, etc. But if you do that you've given up nearly every advantage of 3D printing and made parts unnecessarily expensive. At that point it'd be far cheaper, faster, and easier to just cut the parts out of a hunk of ABS plastic and be done with it.
If you're interested in this, check out How Round is Your Circle and Foundations of Mechanical Accuracy (long out of print but fairly easy to find in libraries). They do a good job of explaining the history of accuracy in mechanical parts.