Actually, while it was initially confused for schizophrenia there's good reason to believe he was one of the very first cases of autism and that the rates of autism have risen from something like zero to the numbers we see today. So while we might do a better job at identifying mental illness and treating it (in general, there's a lot of possible mistakes in the DSM V and occasionally it is outright misused) the autism spectrum is a whole new thing.
It's outlined in the book In a Different Key a story of the struggle for autistic rights, and the campaign for neurodiversity by neurologists and austists. I recommend it if you have further interest in the spectrum or know someone on it who likes to read.