I'm not sure if this is the style that you're looking for, but I really enjoyed "In Pursuit of the Unknown: 17 Equations that Changed The World"
It takes 17 equations and uses each to discuss it's journey through history as well as it's influence on the modern world.
There is a chapter about it in this book. Totally worth a buy but you can certainly find a pdf if you just want to read that chapter.
I’ve got good news for you! This is actually a book, by Ian Stewart. He does go into detail on why each made the list.
https://www.amazon.com/Pursuit-Equations-That-Changed-World/dp/0465085989
A while ago I saw this discussion here on math merchandise. Which led me down a particular rabbit hole. So with my background in design and love for math (I get especially turned on by beautiful equations but i digress) I got cracking. I was greatly inspired by Ian Stewart's bookPursuit of the Unknown: 17 Equations That Changed the World. (short here) as well as this lovely work done by BBC Earth where they reviewed contenders for the most beautiful equations in the world. The combination of this is, mathmerch.xyz (why not .com? well you get it) I'm especially proud of the Boltzmann tombstone replica.
That's it. That's the message.
P.s. if would love to get some ideas if you can think of an equation or math related artwork. (An engineer friend of mine has already asked: "So do you have Bernoulli's principle or what?"