I linked the charging board I used above: https://www.amazon.com/Kaisiking-Professional-Battery-Activation-Compatible/dp/B077M6R86P
Just in case that charging board was "playing it safe", I did connect 5V direct from a USB cable to different points on the connector with no luck. I peeled back the tape on the battery a little, but didn't want to risk bypassing the connector without any prior knowledge of what I was looking at.
An update, hope this can help someone else. I opened the phone, purchased a battery on eBay, and use the following board to charge it: https://www.amazon.com/Kaisiking-Professional-Battery-Activation-Compatible/dp/B077M6R86P
Then I get about 1 hour of runtime (obvious power issues, fully charged battery shows 70% and drops rapidly.) So far, I've used it for 2 hours and it didn't die. I used WiFi for testing SmartSwitch (Wifi works intermittently), but final transfer was via SD card. I can't remember exactly how I transferred SmartSwitch to the old phone. I think I installed it on the new phone, did a SmartSwitch backup on the new phone, grabbed the APK from the backup, and then transferred it to the old phone.
The transfer was okay, more or less. WhatsApp was easy, transferred over the 'WhatsApp' directory on the filesystem and it preserved everything. Firefox tabs didn't come over, I think there are too many tabs open on the old phone, it doesn't even work with Firefox sync. Unfortunately, this is the new direction: apps on Android must provide you a way of transferring data. Samsung Cloud and/or Smart Switch only do complete transfer of official Samsung apps, the other apps are transferred without any data. (Samsung Cloud, at least, used to transfer everything. Not sure if apps have changed or Samsung Cloud has changed.) Apple is the reverse, they transfer the data but then force you to install the latest version of all the apps.
So I can plug it into the test board either way?
This is what I'm using https://www.amazon.com/Kaisiking-Professional-Battery-Activation-Compatible/dp/B077M6R86P/ref=mp_s_a_1_8?keywords=iphone+x+battery+tester&qid=1551834837&s=gateway&sr=8-8
I figured there was a reason the + and - are marked for iPhone x, and didnt want to risk damaging it by plugging it in wrong and powering it up.