Not an app but there is a book with kanji pictographs like that. My personal view however is that pictographs only work well with a rather small subsample of easier kanji, mostly in the beginning. If you are just starting out you might be thinking that this is way more useful than it actually is. I suggest the radical/primitive approach instead (RTK, Kodansha, Wanikani, ...).
Both are tried and true paths.
I would recommend that as soon as you have a rough grasp on hiragana, start doing vocabulary cards.
Have "INU - dog" on one side and "いぬ" on the other.
When going through the cards looking at the alphabet side, write down the hiragana on scrap paper. When going through the cards looking at the hiragana side, read it out loud and translate the word.
Learning enough kanji to read street signs in general is probably a focused multiyear endeavor.
Consider deciding on which things you want to be able to recognize (dishes you want to try, ramen shop signs, karaoke signs) and build vocab cards for those. Use kanjidamage.com or something like kanji-pict-graphix book [1] to help with funny mnemonics.
[1] https://www.amazon.com/Kanji-Pict-Graphix-Japanese-Mnemonics/dp/0962813702
This idea has been around quite a while - at least for Japanese use of Chinese characters. I picked up Kanji Pict-O-Graphix over 15 years ago when I was starting to learn Japanese.
Another commenter provided this link elsewhere in the comments.
This book is pretty awesome and works almost the same way - ( sorry about the raw link, I'm on my phone)
http://www.amazon.com/dp/0962813702/ref=cm_sw_em_r_am_it_pc_us?ie=UTF8
Also, her idea isn't actually new or revolutionary. I bought the book Kanji Pict-O-Graphix some months ago.
That book was published in 1992.
Kanji Pict-O-Graphix & (of course) Anki help me a ton.
Reminds me of the Kanji Pict-O-Graphix books, man I wish there were more visual-pun language learning resources like this!