Depends on the kind of dog. A lot of dog toys are more or less meant to replace a natural activity so that a dog can follow their natural urges. It's kind of like how a herding dog might have never seen sheep, but they'll try herding people or toys or whatever because they just somehow need to. My dog has a high prey drive, and she's basically programmed to want to kill small things. For the most part, I can't let her do that, but I can give her squeaky toys. Plus, the only toys that I can give her unsupervised access to are Kongs (which she's not interested in unless they actually have stuff in them) and some kinds of squeaky toys so she kind of needs them because I can't give her 100% of my attention 100% of the time. There are also different kinds of squeaks in squeaky toys (like some that sound like a duck or chicken instead of squeaking etc.). Then there are crackle toys (these are great) that sound like squeezing an empty water bottle (reminds dogs of crunching on small animal bones); I'll give them to my dog when she's trying to squeak things but I need to be able to hear something like a phone call or video conference. Supposedly there are also ultrasonic squeaky toys that humans can't hear, but I've never tried them.
TL;DR Whether or not dogs need squeaky toys depends on the kinds of natural drives they have. If it's specifically squeaking you have trouble with, there are other options that will fulfill the same need.
The crackle stick from Kong is pretty great. Really tough and doesn't squeek but crackles, so it's not as annoying.