Keeps birds (or other wildlife) off of whatever they're mounted on. Those look like slot into something that would be mounted on a ledge. Probably makes it easier to remove and clean/replace them from time to time.
https://www.amazon.com/LESES-Deterrent-Repellent-Anti-Climb-Security/dp/B085ZL73S8
A leash, harness and a leash hitch would help. This, might be a helpful thing, but I don't know if you'd be allowed to place them. A privacy barrier might be helpful, they come in a variety of fashions, ranging from draw down like curtains/blinds to stand alone accordion walls.
Also depending on the freedom allowed by your landlord and the size of your patio, there are fully self contained outdoor cattios you can purchase. Like this