This is what I used to try and access it via USB. I used it to clone drives and to pull data from other drives without issues. The original drive that was in the Samsung laptop is recognized immediately when used with this enclosure.
I would recommend picking up an M.2 NVMe external enclosure to pop your drive into and test it:
Amazon link - M.2 NVMe enclosure
Relatively cheap, as comes in handy, especially for what you need. I bought one not to diagnose my drive but to clone it from the existing 512GB to a new 1TB drive. Worked like a charm. Just pop your drive in there, plug it into a PC and see if it is recognized there. If not, RMA the NVMe.
M.2 NVME SSD Enclosure Tool-Free... https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08GFF7WTJ?ref=ppx_pop_mob_ap_share
This is the one I used but there are cheaper ones.
In order to use that tool, you have to have the new drive connected to the computer with some kind of adapter, e.g. this one. If you don't have an adapter, you can either get one and use the data migration tool, or don't get one and use some other method to migrate, e.g. the Windows 7 Backup and Restore tool, which is still included in Windows 10 and allows you to save a full system image that you can then restore to the new drive. There are other methods you can use with third party software, but any direct migration option is going to require at least the following: