You might take a look at the early Everest chronicles, as they contain essential history (although it was not yet history at the time!) plus a lot of scientific info collected at the time:
There's many more, of course. Walt Unsworth's Everest is a classic, as is Gilman's Everest, although both focus more on the human challenge than the other aspects. And, a couple personal favorites are Wade Davis's Into the Silence and Tom Hornbein's Everest: The West Ridge - arguably the best mountaineering book ever written.
Lot's more out there, but that's a start!