Jesus came to this world to undo the evils and sins and to restore what is lost. Jesus’ 40 days temptation is a connected to the 40 years the Israelites spend in exile. This can be seen in the scriptures that Jesus quotes to satan. Here is an extract from Dr. Edward Sri’s book Mystery of the Kingdom: On the Gospel of Matthew > Let’s take a closer look at how the three tempta¬tions of Jesus relate to the first three major trials of Israel in the Exodus. Here we will see that the failings of Israel are symbolically overcome by Jesus’ victory over the devil. (1) Israel’s first test. The first of Israel’s trials involved hunger. After Moses parted the Red Sea and led the Israelites out of Egypt and into the des¬ert, the people celebrated their newfound freedom. However, they soon faced another problem: How would they find food in this desert? Their rejoicing quickly turned into panic. Instead of trusting in God to provide, the people turned against Moses, saying “[Y]ou have brought us out into this wilderness to kill this whole assembly with hunger” (Ex. 16:3). Jesus’ first test. Similarly, Jesus faced hunger in His first temptation as the devil tried to get Him to use His power as the Son of God to break His forty days of fasting. The Father sent the Spirit to lead Jesus into the desert to pray and fast for forty days. For Jesus to turn the stones into bread would be to exercise His messianic authority for His own self-interest and thus depart from the Father’s will. Unlike Israel, who doubted that God would pro¬vide for their needs in the wilderness, Jesus does not waver from trusting the Father. He quotes Deuteronomy 8:3 (a passage that brings to mind the story of Israel’s first test), saying “Man shall not live by bread alone” (Mt. 4:4). As the people’s royal rep¬resentative, Jesus overcomes the first major fall of Israel in the desert. (2) Israel’s second test. The second trial involved Israel putting God “to the test.” After God provided for Israel’s nourishment by sending them bread from heaven (manna), the people soon faced another dilemma: How were they going to find water to drink in the dry desert? Once again, instead of putting their trust in Yahweh to provide for their needs, they doubted Him and accused Moses of orchestrat¬ing a vicious plot against them: “Why did you bring us up out of Egypt, to kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst?” (Ex. 17:3). God responded by giving them water from a rock, and He named the place of this second ordeal “Massah,” which means “testing.” There, the people unjustly tested God’s trustworthiness, which is absolute and would not be questioned by the truly faithful Israelite. Jesus’ second test. This corresponds to Jesus’ second temptation when the devil challenged Him to throw Himself down from the pinnacle of the Temple to see if God’s angels would really save Him. Satan said to Jesus, “If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down; for it is written, ‘He will give his angels charge of you’” (Mt. 4:6). Unlike the Israelites at Massah, Jesus refused to test God on this or any other issue. Jesus had absolute confidence in the Father and had no desire to test Him. This is why He viewed this sec¬ond temptation as parallel to Israel’s second trial in the desert. He responds to the devil by quoting part of Deuteronomy 6:16. When we consider this verse as a whole, we see that Jesus had Israel’s second testing at Massah in mind: “You shall not put the Lord your God to the test, as you tested him at Massah” (Deut. 6:16). As such, Jesus overcomes Israel’s second failing by refusing to test God in this second temptation. (3) Israel’s third test. The last temptation of Israel involved worshipping a false god. This came in the golden calf episode at Mount Sinai. After Moses left the people for forty days to go up the mountain and receive the Ten Commandments, the people down below did not know what happened to their leader and feared he had died. Failing to trust Yahweh again, they built an idol in the shape of a golden calf, putting their trust in an Egyptian pagan deity. Jesus’ third test. Similarly, in the third test, Satan tempted Jesus to worship him in exchange for all the kingdoms of the world. Jesus refused to worship a false god and responded by alluding to Deuteronomy 6:13-14, saying “You shall worship the Lord your God and him only shall you serve” (Mt. 4:10). In this third temptation, Jesus overcomes Israel’s sin of idolatry.