Hello !
I'm the former owner of three art galleries in Paris. I think what you need the most is a well crafted marketing plan instead of a business plan as an artist's sales are always variables. You can however try to create a stable line of income through cheap priced limited editions such as prints.
If you're an artist trying to start selling your artworks online, you've got many marketplaces for doing so that can help you gain more customers, on top of your e-commerce store.
The challenge regarding your e-commerce store would be, like you said, to drive traffic towards it. You therefore need a complete online marketing plan divided through different channels :
- Social medias (Instagram is especially powerful as it is image-oriented). As you already understood, it is your most powerful tool for driving traffic to your website. Your content needs to be super clean. I also noticed that the artists posting videos about their work process, especially accelerated ones that retrace the full process of making an artwork, have high engagements.
- Internet medias. As you would do with the traditional medias, you can craft press releases and send them to internet media oriented towards art.
- That's for the organic side of business. You may also use paid advertisment to boost your results (Instagram ads where video stories work the best in my opinion, Google Ads, and paid articles on internet medias).
You should set metrics to assess the efficiency of your marketing plan and often (particularly at the start) modify it to press forward the most cost effective ads or the most engaging content.
Don't forget that if being successful as an artist online is possible, your physical exhibitions (institutional & galleries) are the thing that will eventually drive your notoriety and prices towards the high-end market (if that's what you're looking for).
I could never stress enough how insightful Magnus Resch's books are in my opnion concerning art business. They are very realistic and backed by a lot of data (therefore very controversial in the art world). I only read the one called "Management of Art Galleries", which was a goldmine. I just saw that he wrote one called "How to become a successful artist". You might want to take a look at it. Here is the Amazon page listing his published books : https://www.amazon.fr/s?i=stripbooks&rh=p_27%3ARESCH+MAGNUS&s=relevancerank&text=RESCH+MAGNUS&ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1 . (No affiliate link there)
Regarding your second question about patenting, that is a bit less out of my scope. I however recall that I read an interesting book about patenting things and offering big corporations tu use the patent for royalties. Also found the link in my Amazon buying history : https://www.amazon.fr/gp/product/B0153UGCF8/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_d_asin_title_o01?ie=UTF8&psc=1 . (No affiliate link there, again)
I hope my intervention helped you a bit. Have a nice day !