Don't reuse the power supply unless you're real comfortable with a voltmeter and with potentially shocking yourself. Even then, the actual power supply is likely to be embedded in the device's mainboard. Just get a good 5v power supply, and wire it to the original power cable.
Hell, on my RetroPie arcade machine, I have a literal household electrical box inside the case with power plugs (for the speakers and screen) and 2A USB ports (for the Pi).
But yeah, as a general rule, reusing unknown power supplies is at least intermediate-level stuff: if you're not confident you can figure it out yourself, you probably shouldn't be doing it.
As for the buttons, those are usually on a daughter board attached to the case front, connected by a ribbon cable. It shouldn't be too hard to figure out which is ground, which is the buttons, and wire that to GPIO. You can use an ohmmeter for that, and there's a lot less risk of shock.
No, you can't use 5v solenoids. The ones I found on amazon are 1.1 amps, and I think you're limited to 500 mA on USB 1.1 / 2.0...900 mA on USB 3.0
However, what you could do if you're really set on using a 5A solenoid. Use something like this...
Then use relays to power them up when you hit the flipper button. The whole project would cost maybe 60-100$.
EDIT: WARNING!!! I sort of know electronics. I'm not an expert at all...if someone can confirm that info is correct, that'd be great. :)
I'm a noob at power supplies. Would something like this work?
These batteries can be great for this kind of project. There are tons of options, but you need a basic grasp of what you’re doing to make sure your hacks will be safe for an evening.
Are you sure you don’t want to grab a couple cheap power supplies, at least for the bigger fixtures? The battery rigging might not be worth it if things aren’t moving around.
PHEVOS 5V 12A 60Watt Universal Switching Power Supply for Raspberry PI Models CCTV Radio Project WS2812B WS2811 WS2801 LED Strips Pixel Lights by PHEVOS INC Learn more: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B074YHN8D1/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_CDQYDVPYG46QHD4KD2SC
For small fixtures, these will handle your 18V. Just set the output voltage with a screwdriver and a multi meter. Do not run them at 3A for a long time, especially without adding a heat sink. That might drive 40-100 or more LEDs depending on the details. Don’t run them in parallel, you’ll just end up melting both.
Valefod 6 Pack LM2596 DC to DC High Efficiency Voltage Regulator 3.0-40V to 1.5-35V Buck Converter DIY Power Supply Step-Down Module by Valefod-direct Learn more: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B076H3XHXP/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_8E94Q86D56XBG9567Y06
If you need more power you’ll need heat sinks and probably a better thought out enclosure. But there are hundreds of options. From the ones I’ve tried, they’re all cheap but reasonably effective so long as you don’t push them hard. Something beefier like these might do the job.
ACEIRMC 3pcs 20A 300W CC CV Step Down Module Adjustable DC 6-40V to 1.2-36V Voltage Regulator Buck Converter Constant Current Power Supply Module by Aceirmc US Learn more: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B099S2VQ2Q/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_PHNB41TDHM06KAESNGYD
Be sure to set it all up and test it for a few hours ahead of time to be sure nothing overheats or goes up in smoke.
If you're building something that is going to require a lot of current then you might want to consider using a frame power supply, like this:
https://www.amazon.com/PHEVOS-Universal-Switching-Raspberry-Computer/dp/B074YHN8D1
Get a power supply (# of watts) to handle all of your LED strips If your led strip is 5V 3A you need a 15W power supply for just 1 LED strip. I would get large enough power to handle all of your LED strips like this one:https://amazon.com/PHEVOS-Universal-Switching-Raspberry-Computer/dp/B074YHN8D1?th=1
I already have a 360W 12V power supply, so I use 5v strep downs for my LED strips: https://amazon.com/gp/product/B00J3MHTYG/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_search_asin_title?ie=UTF8&th=1
Pins 1 & 2 are etched into the board, if you point the tab on the bottom 26pin header towards your self use the holes to the left of pin 1(3 & 5) for 5v and use pin 2 and the one to its left for ground(2 & 4).
3,5,7,9,11,13 +5v
2,4,6,8,10,12,14 and 17 ground
so i used pin 3 & 5 for positive to power supply +5v
and used 2 and 5 for negative to power supply grnd
for wire i used arduino/bread board jumpers i had laying around.
and i used this powersupply because it was cheep. https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B074YHN8D1/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_title_o09__o00_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1
not sure if that is what you where asking but that's what i did.
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**I wrote this from memory, so double check me/correct me if i made a mistake.