Any of the O'Reilly books on Python automation.
Just try googling python for linux sysadmins or something. There's presumably a bunch of resources.
What you're asking, however, is a strange question. You can't see how to apply programming to computers?
Here's a hint about what you can do with Python on linux: Everything.
This isn't me being disingenuous. Every task is essentially programmatically solvable, with enough effort.
Do you have any minor but repeatable issues with any of your systems, at all? Script it. Do you have any task that requires you to run several commands? Script it. Do you have any new-user setup tasks that require a bunch of changes? Script it.
Learn Python. Once you have learned Python, everything you see that you possibly think "this could be automated", automate it.
I use it instead of the standard Python shell because of the following features: code completion with Tab and syntax highlighting. It has lots of other benefits but I don't use them yet. For debugging I started to use the ipdb module, which offers an IPython integration to pdb. If you want to learn more about IPython, refer to the 2nd chapter of this book.