Nakata Shoten is a military surplus store near Ueno station:
And they have duffel bags in the size you want (80 liters+):
Both of these are 88L and look like they have a folding pouch:
Olive Drab: http://www.nakatashoten.com/contents/jt-190-sod.html
Black: http://www.nakatashoten.com/contents/jt-190-bk.html
...but they look sold-out.
Found some similar ones on Amazon Japan here:
For a cheaper option, there's a lot of milsurp bags like this one that might fit the bill. Seen them used by people for the laundromat as well.