Yep I’m with this guy, a high heat silicone based product would work great.
Part of the problem with heat and metal is the expansion. If the plate gets a few hundred degrees that is enough expansion to cause mortars to fail from movement. You need a product that can flex and move with the metal while allowing the tile to remain static. This is a common problem tiling over concrete as well, an uncoupling membrane product is used to accomplish this but it wouldn’t be good for heat or vertical surface.
Here is a product made for just your purpose.
https://www.amazon.com/Rutland-Products-76C-500-Degree-10-3-Ounce/dp/B000DZBLNC
Just did this for a pellet stove insert in the same style house. The only thing I can recommend is to give it some time outside the box before you install it. I unwound mine and left it straightened out in my garage over night. You'll need a top cap for the liner to to attach to. Use some high temp silicone like this stuff to seal the cap against your flue.
http://www.amazon.com/Rutland-500-Degree-Silicone-10-3-Ounce-Cartridge/dp/B000DZBLNC
LMAO.
But for real, the foundation is the easy part. Look up local gardening centers, landscaping suppliers, stone yards, etc. to find stone. That looks like 3/8" pea gravel. If I had to guess, you need no more than 2 tons.
Lay down landscaping fabric. Don't get the cheap stuff at Home Depot; get the quality woven stuff. Search for "geotextile fabric" on Amazon.
If you want a clean edge, go to Lowe's and get the Col-Met metal edging. They sell it in 8' lengths in black and it's relatively easy to install and gives a really, really clean edge.
To get a perfect circle, place a stake at the center and tie a rope to it. Tie a spray can of marking paint to the other end and make yourself a perfect circle. Now trench it and add edging if you want that crisp look and low maintenance.
Get yourself a tamper or rent a compactor. The dirt is probably already highly compacted from the pool so you will just need to add the stone on top and compact. If you need to level, you get yourself 3/4" diameter PVC pipes and lay that in your gravel bed and use a flat edge to level across the pipes. Then remove and compact.
I built a similar firepit using a kit with recycled granite and it looks awesome: https://www.buddingco.com/Recycled-Granite-Fire-Pit-Kit-p/fs-fire-pit-36.htm
I ordered one off of Etsy: https://www.etsy.com/listing/201454403/custom-granite-fire-pit?ref=shop_home_feat_1
Use heat-resistant adhesive when attaching the granite pieces together. I used this one: https://www.amazon.com/Rutland-Products-76C-500-Degree-10-3-Ounce/dp/B000DZBLNC because it's clear and if I made mistakes or used too much, you wouldn't see it leak out.
Here's what I used for sealant: Rutland 500-Degree RTV High Heat Silicone Seal, 10.3-Ounce Cartridge, Clear https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000DZBLNC/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apap_PYr2F5RA211De
I'm out of town right now, but here's a pic I took last month:
I still have a little bit of leakage, but nowhere near as bad as it was. Just apply the sealant around the front opening and cover with wax paper. Shut the door tight and pull the wax paper off the next day. Did that test brisket that morning and had no flavor issues or anything. Did have to yank out the steam table pan, it had a hole in it. So I'm just using a foil pan for a water pan now. BTW if you want the grilling wok, I ordered mine from Amazon but I actually saw them at Stein Mart of all places a few weeks ago.
For posterity, I decided to order this product, the product label showing exactly what I need to use it for: