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You can invest in a small purifier like this. It is very small, and you could just keep it in a drawer at your house.
https://www.amazon.ca/Sawyer-Products-SP105-Filtration-System/dp/B00TOX6UM6
We use these for back country camping and they work very well. $30 for treated drinkable water.
Sawyer Products MINI Water Filtration System
LifeStraw Personal Water Filter
LifeStraw Go Water Filter Bottle
SULKADA 9 In 1 Survival Gear Kits with Fishing tool, Fire Starter, Whistle, Bottle Opener, Compass
> but I don't have space to keep an extra fifty gallons on hand.
Yeah, lots and lots of people are in the same boat. Micro-minimal living doesn't intersect very well with emergency preparedness storage. On it's own there's the challenge finding space for the 27 guns every American should own, much less the 10,000 rounds of ammo for each rifle.
If you have a minimal space, there's two big considerations. First, think vertically. Do you have top-of-cabinet space? Could you raise your bed by 12 inches and fit supplies under it? If you buy a 24-pack of 16-fl.oz. water bottles at Freddys, where can you jam a few of them? I've helped a lot of people who live in tiny spaces find room for emergency supplies, and you can get pretty creative with it. If you have a side table, ditch it, replace that table with your emergency supplies, put a cloth over it so it looks nicer, and put a piece of wood on top.
The next best option is a water filter, so that you can collect water. The Sawyer Water Filter is the best on the market for this, and it goes on sale for $15. You can bundle this with collapsible containers of water, or plan to refill whatever containers you have on hand. Even if you live out of a backpack, you can easily plan to have 3~5 days worth of water on you with a handful of 3-liter or 2-liter containers. In the northwest we all live near water supplies and springs, it's important to note where those are, where redundant ones are in case those are contaminated, and have a plan to collect water.
I hike alone frequently.
I don't take a beacon, but I do have a safety buddy who I give my route to and we have an agreed upon time (7pm the latest, usually around 5) that if I don't return, they call 911. I stick to my route even if something better pops up.
I also carry a sawyer water filter and an emergency bivy. They are cheep, only weigh a few oz, and take up very little space. Extra food never hurts too, and also doesn't weight that much.
If shit goes south, I'm going to survive a couple nights in the woods, and I know the authorities will be alerted to my emergency that day.