I use Southern AG Citrus Nutritional Spray:
https://www.amazon.com/Southern-Ag-01902-Citrus-Nutritional/dp/B00A51Y8ZM/
There are instructions on the packaging, but basically you dilute it in a bottle with some water, then spray the whole tree. The foliage, the trunk, everything. I think it tells you to spray once or twice during the winter. One bottle will last you a loooong time if you only have one citrus tree.
It was amazing for my key lime tree. The leaves turned quite light during the winter last year, and within days of spraying it with nutritional spray, the color came back. It also had a ton of gorgeous blossoms and fruit this year, far more than last year.
Sure, it was this spray https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00A51Y8ZM/, I will occasionally add in a tsp of fish fertilizer per gallon. It's a 13.5-gallon pot. And I got the tree in 2018, it was basically a small sapling at that point. It clearly had some deficiency because within a week of foliar feeding it began producing new leaves and flowered prodigiously.
very cute! So I just started growing my citrus trees this spring and I did a lot of reading on this sub before taking any steps and sounds like you did too. What I learned from here and can attest to in my experience growing citrus for the first time:
Potting medium - read up on 5-1-1 medium. 5 parts fine organic mulch/small tree nuggets, 1 part garden soil, 1 part perlite. I did this and it makes the soil drain well which is important for citrus. I've had my trees growing in it for about 4 months now and they're both doing well. Water until it runs through the drainage holes in the bottom and repeat when the top 2 inches of the soil are dry. For me, this means I water about once every 5 days in Zone 10b.
Pot size - You should repot the tree but the pot should only be a little bit bigger than the size it is now. Big enough to comfortably fit the 1 gallon root ball and some 5-1-1 soil medium you make, but not too large to where moisture collects too much and root rot sets in.
Pot Material - I recommend terra cotta because it helps with aeration and drainage. All my citrus trees are in terra cotta and its really working well for them.
Fertilizing - I use 2 fertilizers, one citrus fertilizer and one plant food fertilizer. This is because citrus are heavy nitrogen feeders but also have nutrients like iron, magnesium, etc. that they need to grow and you can easily run into deficiencies. Some people fertilize in larger amounts a few times a year, I choose to fertilize every two weeks to a month. I'm paranoid I'm going to burn up the trees by over fertilizing so I do it in smaller, more frequent amounts.
Someone else will need to weigh in on overwintering since I don't have any experience in that.
Deal link: Amazon
^^Note: ^^The ^^deal ^^may ^^have ^^expired ^^by ^^the ^^time ^^you ^^see ^^this ^^post.
Linking a university created reference for you: https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/newsletters/hortupdate/2011/mar/citrus_freeze.html
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27F for fruit. Meyer lemons can go lower before the tree is damaged - the citrus workshops I've been to here say it's the third most hardy citrus (kumquats and some kumquat hybrids most hardy to 20f, satsumas second most, Meyer lemon third). I don't know the exact temp where you'd start losing wood, but it will be low 20's.
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I can assure you based on the winter of 2019 which was a colder one here in Phx, the citrus didn't struggle a bit at 36. The avocado on the other hand.....
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Oh, forgot to answer your question about spotted leaves. I wouldn't worry right now. New leaves will follow the buds, and you'll get some winter shedding until the new leaves are really coming in. Winter sheds look awful. If your spring fertilization doesn't green up the new incoming leaves, get something like this: https://www.amazon.com/Southern-Ag-Chelated-Citrus-Nutritional/dp/B00A51Y8ZM/ref=sr_1_2?crid=1YFTB4FGO0ZM1&keywords=chelated+iron+for+citrus+trees&qid=1552331811&s=gateway&sprefix=Cheleated+iron+f%2Caps%2C373&sr=8-2
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Citrus doesn't need pruning, but feel free to cut off any grabby branches.