If you're going down the rabbit hole of definitions on Science Fiction, Sci Fi,SF or Speculative Fiction check this gem out: https://www.amazon.com/Speculations-Speculation-Theories-Science-Fiction/dp/081084902X Hundreds of pages wrangling with this.
Hard Science Fiction sounds great but it is a relative term--the classic argument made in Godwin's 'Cold Equations' using math is refuted later in Saker's 'Cold Solutions' story. If you don't have time to read the stories, the history is detailed on Wiki.
Soft science fiction originally was using the social sciences such as anthropology, linguistics, psychology, etc to extrapolate about the effects of tech. changes on these aspects of the human condition....classic examples would include Jack Vance's 'The Moon Moth,' Alice Sheldon's 'The Screwfly Solution,' or Octavia Bulter's 'Blood Child' or Parable of the Sower.
The best example of the Space Opera is Doc Smith's Lensman series--the origin for the idea of the Green Lanterns.....lots of hand waving in the early pulps
There are so many tropes in Fantasy and Science Fiction and subversions of those tropes that it is hard to keep track of them--here is just one example of what I mean--Brian Aldiss argues that Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is the beginnings of modern science fiction--she uses science to explain how Victor made the creature. Victor, a med student, is the first example of the mad scientist and the creature is the origin of the replicant trope--and in a way is also rooted in the golem--a revenge figure. By extension Victor is rooted in the wizards witches who cut deals with devils...Faust, etc. The whole history of this is documented in James Gunn's Road to Science Fiction Anthologies... Here are some useful sites to check some of this out; http://www.sfcenter.ku.edu/bio.htm http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/ http://www.wardshelley.com/paintings/pages/HistoryofScienceFiction.html