Most phones from the last few years use Nano SIM cards-- the smallest option-- so they're likely to fit in a new phone.
You can look at your existing SIM card to see the size, or post the make/model here and maybe someone could look it up for you.
Most SIM cards from providers are 3-way SIM cards that can be punched out for either mini, micro, or nano, sizes. If your new phone needs a smaller size, you can punch out the smaller size from a 3-way SIM card.
If your new phone needs a larger SIM card, I've had good experience using these adapters: https://www.amazon.com/Noosy-Card-Adapter-Kits-Micro/dp/B01N3Z4IM9 . I keep a set on hand for 'just in case'.
If that all seems to complicated, follow justarandomkitten's advice and talk to customer support to make sure you get a new SIM card without jeopardizing your plan.