Take a look at the subreddit's reading list for a start, there are two sections which could be of interest
1) The Middle East Throughout the Ages
Particularly The Arabs: A History by Eugene Rogan, which will be on fast forward till the time between WWI and WWII and then you'll spend most of the book moving forward from there.
To really understand why the Israeli-Arab conflict is so intractable, you have to understand the history of the whole middle east going back several hundred years.
For the last 300-400 years, Arab philosophers have debated on why the power and influence of arab empires(ottomon mostly) peaked in the 1600s and what to do to reverse the trend. Most islamic scholars eventually came to the conclusion that secularism was to blame for the decline in power.
As a result, there has been a background pan-arab movement over the last 200 years in most middle east islamic states to be more unified, focused and centered on islam. In fact in the 1960s...there was a movement to unite several middle east islamic states including egypt and iran into one big state.
So then in 1948, the state of Israel is created in the middle of the islamic middle east, encompassing the land of several of islam's most holy shrines. Frustratingly, Israel is also enormously powerful for its size, and it frequently politically and militarily humiliated islamic middle east states in war.
A similar analogy would be if after the civil war, when the union and the southern states were trying to pull back together as one country, britain carved out a piece of land from pennsylvania(containing philadelphia), virginia and north carolina,) and gave it to Iran. Iran then massacred whole towns in these states to force all americans to evacuate from their new land(Israel did this to force palestinians out of Israel after 1948). In the years since the civil war, we've tried to take back our land, especially philadelphia where the declaration of independence was created and signed. However, Iran has repeatedly beaten us and actually expanded their borders during each battle.
This is an excellent book on the 500 year history of the middle east. The Arabs: A History
First off, reread your comment, and then realize who the real extremist is. I'm obviously not going to try and correct or teach you anything, but all I'm going to say is that if your going to take that point of view, then all religions are the same. Religions are made up of people whose views, wants and dislikes change overtime, they never "stay the same", especially for Islam. Fundamentalist Islam for example only appeared in 18th century Arabia, Wahhabism.
I suggest you read "Modern Arab History" by Eugene Rogan, I'm not going to ask you to educate yourself on Islam, but if your really interested on how Islam was shaped in the past two centuries or so this is a really great book :).