This book: https://www.amazon.com.au/Art-Game-Design-Lenses-Third-ebook/dp/B07X59RN6N/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=art+of+game+design&qid=1612957496&sr=8-1 is basically the Bible of game design. It is very big, yet also dense with information.
There is also: https://www.amazon.com.au/Theory-Game-Design-Raph-Koster/dp/1449363210/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=theory+of+fun&qid=1612957550&sr=8-1 which is a shorter, lighter read, but a great place to start.
This next book is a great read, not as dense as the first, but more digestible and direct: https://www.amazon.com.au/Level-Guide-Great-Video-Design-ebook/dp/B00JRYDCEQ/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=level+up+game+design&qid=1612957607&sr=8-1
And of course play lots of games, particularly the kinds of games you want to play. Jonathan Blow's games (Braid and The Witness) are master classes in puzzle game design, and you can't help but learn how to train a player to think in the required way to solve the games. I try to look critically at games as I play them. I think about what annoys me and what delights me, and try to apply those things to my own games.
I also like watching Youtube devlogs about game design. There are some great ones that give you real insight into why certain decisions were made. Some channels I recommend: