Read this (Reading the book is a good idea, just know going into it that the book uses language and rhetoric that may have been appropriate for the time, but is no longer.)
Read this. You should have already, but we both know you didnt retain anything.
You job is to be a master at your rate and a master of communication. Every interaction you make is a matter of business, influence, and "politicking", regardless if you like it. Learn that, accept that, work with it - This is often where people will say "be good dude" in realty you need to be a good person who communicates effectively and seamlessly while also carrying the merits of which your community values. Essentially, be a good dude.
You don't rate anything without earning it. If you're leaning on your authority as officially given, as opposed to personally given, you're sucking. People should want to follow you and listen to you. They should trust you. In this vein, its important to note that actions mean more than words, and good intentions mean nothing without good consequences.
Listen to your peers, listen to your enlisted, listen listen listen. Listening without learning is useless, so if you're going to listen to everything, you should probably learn something from it.
This is like.. a really broad overview that doesn't go into detail.
If you remember nothing else, remember this.
Your job is to influence people to do things, keep your sailors quality of life as high as possible, and communicate effectively. Don't waste peoples time, and don't fall short of what's expected of you.
The Bluejacket's Manual, probably.