What is Reddit's opinion of The Cut of Men's Clothes: 1600-1900?
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There are definitely some things out there that would give you a good start.

In general, colonists were dressing mostly like folks back in England; English people seem to have been somewhat more resistant to adopting Native American clothes than their Spanish and French counterparts. By about 12-14 years in New England being settled, tailors were working locally, and fabric was first woven in 1638 in New England - even so those makers were still English trained and informed by ever-increasing numbers of ships and goods coming in from England. I think it's easy to assume that colonies were inherently behind the times, but I don't think to the same degree people expect. There are late 17th century paintings made in New England, however their clothes reflect a somewhat more extreme economic level than you're probably interested in and just slightly past when you're after. You're looking at clothing just after King Charles II hard shifts the trajectory of clothing towards what you see in the 18th century and away from the doublets and breeches you'd see in the early years of the pilgrims or Shakespeare's lifetime more or less.

They don't have a ton to say about clothing, though there are some interesting bits, but if you haven't already come across them, it's worth checking out Lion Gardener's "Relation of the Pequot Warres from 1660" and Benjamin Church's narratives will be pretty helpful.

Realizing that this is super expensive, a lot of institutions and libraries have this for loan (or inter-library loan): https://www.amazon.com/Cut-Mens-Clothes-1600-1900/dp/0878300252
It, along with the Patterns of Fashion series, remains pretty reliable despite having been published decades ago.

Some other stuff to check out to give you a sense of the era is the Gunnister body (though a whacked out outlier - having been found near the Northernmost tip of Scotland with 1680s-90s Scandinavian and Dutch coins in his pockets), but is semi-consistent with other Western apparel in the period. Marcellus Laroon's “Cryes of the City of London Drawne after the Life” also shows English apparel on people of different status levels.

New England probates are also super helpful in sorting out what people were wearing, though they reflect the bias of their assessor. http://www.histarch.illinois.edu/plymouth/probates.html

I hope that's helpful!