it sounds like the book for you is the physical world: an inspirational tour of fundamental physics. what is unique in this book is the lack of prerequisites it requires (physically since you have all the prerequisites mathematically) and that it takes the variational approach. that it, it uses the principal of least action in most of its development. i highly recommend you check it out. i don't know of another book like it.
another recommendation is the series by shankar (a well known educator and author in physics): fundamentals of physics: mechanics, relativity, and thermodynamics and fundamentals of physics ii: electromagnetism, optics, and quantum mechanics. this is more traditional i suppose, but it's still a nice introduction.
what's nice about the above two suggestions is that they both cover a lot of breadth of physics as a whole and they don't bog down in specialized details only relevant to one subject area like some of the other recommendations here.