1) Narrowing down the laws even further than they are is impossible, 48LOP took heavily from:
The pocket Oracle and The Art of Prudence and everything Baltasar Gracian
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2) There's a brilliant chapter about this question in The 50th law. In essence, it sums up to questioning everything with an objective eye and digging to the roots of a problem and thinking. If you're curious moreso about how to read and analyze people, the ellipsis manual also has a chapter on categorizing wants & weaknesses, the recommended reading has books on body language. Thepowermoves, although a forum for a bunch of idiots that believe in the alpha beta mentality, has top 10 book recommendations here with a section on psychology.
3) If you're interested in AoS for the advice on how to emotionally abuse your girlfriend Alpha Male Strategies is decent, I suppose. If you mean understanding the female psyche then Swoon and Fundamentals of Female Dynamics are good.
4) I'd heavily recommend you learn the value of independence and resourcefulness, there are much more books I could recommend that you could find online in 10 minutes or so