That looks like a great job to start with.
I'm not sure about the cost for the tempered glass in the picture, but I would definitely look into something like this
There are actually other thickness options you could use (and this is a great way to find out which one would work best).
Also, I've done a little bit of research on the price and availability of tempered glass in the US. I can't personally answer your question about the material, but I can say that I've seen several different thicknesses offered by several different companies.
I don't think this is the best way to go about it, but if you have a smallish countertop (like this) you could always try just painting it. A small sheet of glass might be more than you need, but you can always do some touch ups later. If you do, I'd recommend against it.
I'd say it's worth a shot if you're not sure about the material, but I wouldn't go to the big ones.