I do not write C++ much (i prefer C) but when i did some time ago on Linux, i found CodeLite to be very nice (mainly because it was able to provide autocompletion that worked even through macro-defined template classes).
Code::Blocks development is currently leaving much to be desired. I used Code::Blocks until I recently found CodeLite. It is just better, sorry, so I switched to that IDE and am not looking back. Code::Blocks development is dead Jim, CodeLite is a better alternative in every way.
VS Code has a few language servers that are solid and essentially turn it to a powerful IDE. However some language servers aren't great and I think for C it might be better for linux than it is for windows (for example, lldb didn't seem to work on windows; at least not on my machine). Omnisharp (for C#) works incredibly well for linux and windows. I haven't tried writing python in vs code. You might want to try https://codelite.org/ for a windows open source solution. Everything else I'm sure vs code has an acceptable quality extension.
(Per quanto riguarda la distro mi trovo molto bene con https://codelite.org/ e ha il tempo di attesa per l'arrivo). La 380 da 2gb però non è paragonabile ad un pc nuovo (anche quello con caratteristiche giocatore occasionale).
For Linux some really strong GUI IDEs for C/C++ are Codeblocks, Codelite and Eclipse. If you're a beginner I'd recommend you not to start with an IDE like the ones I mentioned above but rather familiarize yourself with the compiler and the language structure first. You'll find that after you have become more comfortable with using the compiler through the command line, you could easily get used to using any IDE as well.
Another thing is that technically you can turn Vim and Emacs into modern IDEs if you tweak them enough.