From a general standpoint the things you're looking for: A thermometer capable of reading at the ranges you're looking for. This one is reasonably cheap; Pi compatable and goes down to -55c. The Pi doesn't need to be inside the freezer so long as you can run the thermometer through the door or something.
Here is a guide on how to use that module and example bash scripts to read the temperature.
Next is a method for reading it. Given your task you don't need "real time" polling, just a pull every 20 minutes or so would suffice I imagine; so from here you're having to do a little more research. In particular google "how to send email from a pi"; and understanding cron tasks. cron is the equivalent to windows task scheduler. Basically you tell it to run a script / program / whatever periodically; it could be daily, hourly, etc.
You'll have to setup a cron task that pulls the current temperature and if that temperature is >= whatever limit you set, send you an email.
EDIT: As for "programming" well you have a wide variety with the Pi you can choose. IIRC there are GPIO libraries for PHP if you're familiar with that (since you mentioned web programming); otherwise Python is pretty common. The "guide" I linked earlier is done in BASH scripting but you could just as easily use zsh or any number of alternatives)
After spending about 7 years working for a hosting company that offered plesk (2007 - 2014), I can't find any genuine reason to recommend anyone use that software. The product went to shit after parallels bought the company, and every single upgrade we pushed customers through resulted in disaster. Additionally, the company's support has gone way downhill since being acquired, with most tickets not recieving any response for 12-24 hours.
In my opinion, cPanel is the best. However, you should check out Interworx. It's fast, has a simple/quick install, upgrades are handled via yum/rpm, and supports clustering.
I work with a company that recently wrote an article about how net neutrality will affect the web hosting industry. At the end, they wrote this: "The abandonment of net neutrality as a principle has the potential to damage the enormously fertile ecosystem of blogs, businesses, startups, and retailers who have driven the growth of the web hosting industry. It may leave us with a much poorer Internet, dominated by a few big players, and a reduction in the ability of new competitive businesses to drive the market forwards." I definitely agree with this statement. If you want to see the rest of the article, you can check it out here. http://www.interworx.com/community/net-neutrality-decision-bad-news-web-hosting-companies/
I would actually throw the InterWorx control panel on this list as well. It's got a really nice interface, the team over there is constantly improving the product, the panel is quite intuitive, and the support team is really on top of things. If you're going to be clustering servers, that what InterWorx was designed for and is far superior to the other options. They also do a two week free trial, which is a nice for people who want try it out and see if it's for them.. I would also check out the feature comparison they did (a few of the categories might be dated since it's from last year), but it definitely shows a variety of features that InterWorx has that the other CPs don't. http://www.interworx.com/cpanel-plesk-directadmin-interworx-comparison/
POODLE is probably not worse than Heartbleed, but it should still be taken very seriously. POODLE is a derived from the acronym Padding Oracle On Downgraded Legacy Encryption, and in theory it allows for an attacker to view the plaintext content of a supposedly secure SSL connection. It relies on two flaws, one in the implementation of SSL 3.0 and one in the way browsers handle SSL negotiations. Check out this post for more details. http://www.interworx.com/community/poodle-storm-teacup/
Although this issue has been fixed, this post brings up the very real question of whether forking OpenSSL is a good idea. http://www.interworx.com/community/forking-openssl-good-idea/ Check it out, would be interested to know what you all think.
This decision by a web host makes sense in a symbolic way. Web hosts are majorly affected by the FCC decision, because these companies are largely built catering to the the many little guys rather than the few huge ones. The hundreds of thousands of independent bloggers, small eCommerce stores, and video hosting sites to name a view are going to be adversely impacted if the giants can squeeze them out of equal internet speed by throwing money around. This article takes a further look at the issue. http://www.interworx.com/community/net-neutrality-decision-bad-news-web-hosting-companies/
We developed and offer the InterWorx control panel, which is now an independent company, because of our own issues with cPanel limitations. You can learn more about it here and our sales/support staff would definitely be able to answer any questions about the inner-working of InterWorx in a bit more depth. http://www.interworx.com/
Here are some decent articles I'm sure you could borrow some points from:
I hink that the tried and true way of using content marketing and blogging, as well as leveraging your current clients through social networks is definitely a good place to start. I work with a company called InterWorx, which is a web hosting control panel that competes with cPanel and Plesk among others. They wrote this post about differentiating yourself as a web host, while using themselves as example of how a host can do so. However, the suggestions are still pretty valid if considered more generally. Feel free to check out this post for some hints. http://www.interworx.com/community/three-ways-to-differentiate-your-web-hosting-company-with-interworx-2/
Im pretty sure some distros dont use Bash, i have read somewhere that Debian used Dash (not bash) at some point. But i dont know the difference... read this
We give customers interworx when they absolutely need a control panel. It's still a parasite, but it does not get too much in the way when our admins do everything in cli, and customers use the web panel.
As others have said, being a reseller in charger of a shared hosting environment might be the way to go. I have experience using a web hosting control panel called InterWorx and they have an interesting article about how using their control panel as opposed to the more standard cPanel option, you can distinguish yourself in a crowded marketplace. Feel free to check it out. http://www.interworx.com/community/three-ways-to-differentiate-your-web-hosting-company-with-interworx-2/
There are some nice new additions/upgrades like Systemd, which incorporates features that help enhance scalability and optimize performance. CentOS 7 also offers support for Linux containers including Docker. Check out this post on some of the new features. http://www.interworx.com/community/centos-7-released-heres-whats-new/ As more time passes things will keep getting better as well, so it might make sense to wait a bit until all the nuances get worked out.
The Heartbleed bug — officially known as CVE–2014–0160 — is the result a defect in OpenSSL’s implementation of the SSL protocol’s heartbeat function. The heartbeat function is a simple addition to the protocol that allows the machines involved in a SSL connection to send a message to each other requesting a response to verify that the other party is still available. Unfortunately, it’s possible to craft the heartbeat message so that the responding server will transmit the contents of a portion of its memory to the originating server. This post looks into a bit. http://www.interworx.com/community/openssl-vulnerability-strikes-heart-online-security/
Both are solid options, but Nginx doesn't seem quite as versatile as Apache. Obviously Nginx is a bit quicker like you've found, but there are a number of are ways to speed it up, which this post looks at. Hope this helps. http://www.interworx.com/community/three-ways-to-make-apache-fly/
I think net neutrality is a good thing. A company I work with wrote this article, which I thought had some nice points on why net neutrality is important. http://www.interworx.com/community/net-neutrality-decision-bad-news-web-hosting-companies/ I don't want an internet where Amazon’s pages load faster than an independent online retailer, where YouTube videos load faster than hosted videos, or where major news corporations have fast blogs and the rest are slow. The abandonment of net neutrality will damage the little guy and hurt competition while leaving an internet controlled a few big players.