Let me be the 94th person to recommend R with optional RStudio/tidyverse.
You might also be interested in JASP and JAMOVI, they are free / open source and really good!
The two projects forked in different directions a while back, IIRC the main difference (apart from light cosmetics) is JASP offers a hook into Bayesian/Network analyses, while JAMOVI has stronger links into underlying R code.
Or....https://www.r-project.org/ or https://jasp-stats.org/
But yeah it's quite a racket. We had a journal come to our dept. literally an hour ago, and she was saying 'when we charge £5000 to publish your papers open access, we're making a loss'. Taking the absolute piss: there is millions to be made in academia, usually skimming off researchers.
In addition to R or SPSS, I highly recommend JASP (https://jasp-stats.org) - it's a free to use statistical software with an intuitive graphical user interface developed by many Psychology professors across the world. My Psychology professors/supervisors also recommended me to use it when analysing data for my Masters thesis :)
It's simple, quick to install and gets the job done!! Best of all, it's very very intuitive to use!
As others have said, R is the all-purpose monster SUV of stats programs, but it has a hefty learning curve. You can try the R Commander to make it point-and-click, but in my experience that's still more fussy about basic details than, say, SPSS.
Honestly, although it takes a while for non-programmers like me to make R start being truly awesome, it feels like it's been worth it. I'd recommend at least checking out any local R Users Groups, to see if you might sit in for a while and get a feel for whether you'd like to go this route. R is, I think, a reasonable long-term investment of time and effort.
For a much smoother point-click (and free) alternative, try JASP. However, it focuses on the basics; not many fancy features or analyses.
I haven't tried Jamovi yet, but it looks very promising. I think it's free, and I think it's from the JASP people. My hope is that it can deliver on all the promises implicit in JASP.
Look at JASP: https://jasp-stats.org/
It's new and open source, but it has an interface like SPSS and can probably take care of all the basics you need.
Nothing is going to do all your work for you though: you need to understand what you want to do, what tests you want to run and how they work in order to actually present something meaningful
From the FAQ:
> Q. What programming language is JASP written in? > >A. The JASP application is written in C++, using the Qt toolkit. The analyses themselves are written in either R or C++ (python support will be added soon!). The display layer (where the tables are rendered) is written in javascript, and is built on top of jQuery UI and webkit.
Hmm, that's totally outside my comfort zone but I think maybe Jamovi can be a (partial) replacement? It's a GUI package built on top of R, but it's point and click like SPSS. There's also JASP which IIUC is similar but the UI is a bit different, maybe more SPSS like.
Not quite. First of all, a p-value tells you that IF there were no effect (just random noise) the probability of getting a sample difference that is larger or as large as the one you observed (0.02) , is 5%. It doesn't directly tell you anything about the probability that there is or is not an effect. This is because when we calculate the p-value we assume that there is NO effect. That's sorta like saying "assuming the grass is green, what is the probability the grass is green?"
Secondly, the 2-tailed p-value itself tells you only that they're different because a difference of 0.02 and -0.02 would give you the same p-value in this case. But you can use your estimates (.10 and .12) to infer the direction.
If you're interested in this more, there's a Bayesian technique called VS-MPR which can give you estimates of what you're looking for: evidence for whether a p-value value of 0.05 means the null is more likely to be true. Here'sa good source on that.
ETA: Also we don't usually Say "95% significance" it would be significance at the 5% significance level. It's an easy slip to make because with confidence intervals we talk about our intervals with the phrase "95% confidence".
I'd recommend JASP. It's free, easy to use, and updates instantly when you change variable combinations. It also generates paper-quality tables without any significant effort. It's pretty slimmed down- you won't have access to anything more advanced than Linear Regression or ANOVA, but it's really slick.
Everyone here is recommending R, RStudio,and R Commander, but honestly the learning curve on programming this stuff might be a bit cumbersome for the social sciences undergraduate who just needs to run a single regression or ANOVA.
I don't want to say much, so I will leave you with this.
Can't get any cheaper than free/open-source software. I second JASP - it's a delight to use, and offers a lot of resources on how to use it (see this table and its user forum).
R is difficult to learn quickly unless you have some programming proficiency, and even then your first time is going to take a lot of time unless you have someone to help you who already knows it. There are easier packages. I don't know what you have access to but SPSS is pretty easy. A free option is JASP.
I've been advised by our IT folks not to upgrade to Big Sur because SPSS won't run.
I just tried opening SPSS v27 in a Big Sur mac. It beachballed and froze up. I tried a second time and it did open. I tried a t-test and the OK button was grayed out.
I agree with ericbrow—https://www.jamovi.org (and https://jasp-stats.org) are free, faster and easier to work with. I'd add that the learning curve is gentle and the output files are easier to work with...and, being HTML, can be shared with people that don't use Jamovi. Jasp has the advantage that you can edit the output to add your own notes. Oh, and there are great tutorial resources on their websites and on YouTube. Jamovi will allow you to add your own R script if you want to do something fancy. Jasp and Jamovi have a couple of features that the other lacks but the UIs are so similar that it's easy to switch from one to the other.
There are some things that SPSS does that Jasp/Jamovi won't do, I forget what they are now, but I know that don't use those features. There are couple of bugs in Jasp (sometimes graphs don't make it to the output on first export). I there's a limitation with Jamovi in that it doesn't like saving files in a cloud service (I think that was it). For the past 5 years, I've only ever opened SPSS when a colleague sends me an SPSS file.
Those on the sub who might be familiar with JASP may need to know what sort of error you're getting (if you're getting an error). If you are, and you can take a screenshot, edit your post to include that (and any other pertinent information). Remember, we can't see what you're seeing. :)
Meanwhile, another resource might be the JASP Support Center.
Also, if you don't want to pay for SPSS because it's terrible, you can use JASP. It's free, looks like SPSS but works better and you can also do Bayesian stats with them.
SPSS is actually pretty step by step , a lot of manuals out there, YouTube videos too. Basics like t tests , annova etc if that doesn’t hold up try bootcamp or udemy.
R is a nightmare if you’re not into programming but is easy if you know python.
Jasp I hear is easy to use, I am just about start as it helps with Bayesian values as well. https://jasp-stats.org/
In all truth, you will spend year one revising and training using these tools anyway, universities tend to offer this internally. So understanding use is enough, you don’t need to master them.
P.S think of math in terms of functions that you’ll need to apply to data sets rather than things you should know maybe. :) amAll of these should have massive user guides and texts you can probably get via elsevier or google scholar.
I would have included anything that would be useful for the reader in order to gain insight. So if you do have high values for skewness / kurtosis, you could mention it. And, while this is a task (I'm guessing Andy Field), normally you would also consider what you are doing with the data next, e.g., will you perform tests that requires certain assumptions.
SPSS can be bothersome, I would recommend checking out JASP (easier to navigate, see what you have done, change up thing etc.), even if you have to use SPSS,JASP can be a great learning tool, can also recommend their short manual/stats guide.
You should try JASP https://jasp-stats.org/ . It’s free to download and is great for simple analyses - as good as SPSS.
If you know how to code, R or python (spyder3 on anaconda) would work too.
JASP would be my pick if you’re just getting started. Good luck!
If you're willing to go up to 15 inches the XPS 15 2-in-1 should serve nicely, especially with the 8th Gen processor and AMD graphics (that sit right about at the level of a GTX 1050, so plenty for the games you want to play even at high settings). It should be significantly cheaper than a surface book 2. You don't get the detachable tablet mode (which is incredible), but that obviously comes with a big price tag.
PS: I'm also a grad student. If you're using SPSS and need to do Beysian stuff - check out JASP (https://jasp-stats.org/). It's open-source and pretty flexible. Interface is fairly similar to SPSS, but it can do a lot of Beysian stuff that might come in handy
Hey, I honestly don't really remember how to use SPSS because how un-user friendly it is. I do not know how some people love it so much. Usually people just go with R or Python.
I've switched to JASP, and it's pretty straight forward.
Depending on what you need, there is a new open-source software called JASP (<em>Just Another Statistical Program</em>). It has a very similar interface to SPSS, and it also has a bunch of cool Bayesian analyses available.
Edit: Just realized it has already been mentioned. I will leave this here anyway...